PGT (Pre-implantation Genetic Testing)
Pre-implantation genetic testing is performed on embryos created through IVF, before transfer. A small number of cells are analysed to provide information about certain chromosomal or genetic conditions, helping inform which embryo to transfer.
Types of PGT
PGT-A screens embryos for the correct number of chromosomes, which can be relevant with advancing maternal age or recurrent miscarriage. PGT-M looks for specific inherited single-gene conditions where there is a known family risk. PGT-SR is used when a parent carries a structural chromosomal rearrangement. Your specialist and a genetic counsellor can advise which, if any, applies to you.
How PGT fits into an IVF cycle
PGT requires IVF so that embryos are available in the laboratory. Embryos are usually grown to the blastocyst stage, a biopsy of a few cells is taken, and the sample is analysed while the embryos are frozen. Results guide the selection of an embryo for a later frozen-embryo transfer. The process adds time and cost to a standard cycle.
Points to verify in India
Genetic testing is a specialised area, and both laboratory quality and counselling matter. Ask any Indian clinic about the testing laboratory, turnaround times, what the results can and cannot tell you, and whether genetic counselling is included. Because regulations on genetic testing and permitted uses vary and change, confirm what applies to your situation. This page is general information only.
Common questions
No. PGT provides information about specific conditions it is designed to detect, but it cannot rule out every condition or guarantee outcomes. Genetic counselling helps set realistic expectations.
No. PGT is used in specific situations, such as known genetic risk or recurrent miscarriage. Many IVF cycles do not include it. Discuss whether it is appropriate for you.
Other fertility treatments
IVF (In-Vitro Fertilisation)
The core assisted-reproduction treatment: eggs and sperm are combined in the laboratory and an embryo is transferred to the uterus.
Learn more →ICSI
A single healthy sperm is injected directly into each mature egg — often used for male-factor infertility.
Learn more →IUI (Intrauterine Insemination)
A less invasive, lower-cost option in which prepared sperm is placed directly into the uterus around ovulation.
Learn more →Egg Donation
Uses eggs from a screened donor, an option when a patient's own eggs are unlikely to succeed.
Learn more →Sperm Donation
Uses sperm from a screened donor for severe male-factor infertility, or family-building situations where permitted by law.
Learn more →Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)
A previously frozen embryo is thawed and transferred in a later, simpler cycle.
Learn more →Fertility Preservation
Freezing eggs, sperm or embryos to preserve future fertility, including before medical treatment.
Learn more →